Análisis de la aparición de lesiones por presión en neonatos portadores de ventilación mecánica no invasiva / Analysis of the appearance of pressure ulcers in neonates with non-invasive mechanical ventilation

ntroducción: La ventilación mecánica no invasiva es una técnica de amplio uso en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales que ha demostrado su efectividad en la disminución de la mortalidad. Estos sistemas generan una presión prolongada en la zona de la cara del recién nacido que favorece la aparición de lesiones por presión. Se estima que casi la mitad de las lesiones por presión en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales se producen por estos sistemas. Objetivos: Analizar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de lesiones Por presión en neonatos portadores de ventilación mecánica no invasiva ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Metodología: Estudio de cohortes, observacional, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo. Llevado a cabo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia entre los meses de febrero y mayo de 2019. Resultados: La muestra del estudio fue de 34 neonatos, de los que 7 (el 20,59%) fueron incidentes de lesiones por presión. Del total de pacientes con lesión, 4 (el 57,1%) eran portadores de vástagos nasales, 3 (el 42,9%) utilizaban cánulas RAM®. Ningún paciente portador de gafas de oxigenoterapia de alto flujo fue incidente de lesiones por presión. Conclusiones: El uso de las gafas de alto flujo y las cánulas RAM® frente a los vástagos nasales fue un método más efectivo en la reducción de la incidencia de lesiones por presión en neonatos portadores de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (AU)

Introduction: Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIV) is one of the most widely used clinical devices in neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). This has shown its effectiveness in reducing the mortality of these children. However, these systems generate a prolonged pressure in certain anatomical parts of the newborn that favors the appearance of pressure injuries (LPP). It is estimated that almost half of pressure injuries in Neonatal Intensive Care Units are caused by these systems. Objectives:To analyze the incidence and risk factors of pressure injury in neonates at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia with Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. Methodology: it is a cohort, observational, analytical, longitudinal and prospective study. Carried out in the neonatal ICU of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia between the months of February and May 2019. Results: The study sample was 34 neonates, of which 7 (20.59%) developed a pressure injury. Of the total number of patients with injury, 4 (57.1%) were carriers of nasal stems. 3 (42.9%) wore RAM cannulas and no one of patients with High Flow Oxygen Therapy Glasses developed a pressure ulcer. Conclusions: The use of High Flow glasses and RAM Cannulas against nasal stems as a method of reducing the incidence of pressure injuries in neonates with Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (AU)

Copper-complexed dipyridyl-pyridazine functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica as a heterogeneous catalyst for styrene epoxidation.

A new heterogeneous catalyst has been synthesized by immobilization of a copper complex on dipyridyl-pyridazine functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica (dppz-vPMO). This ordered support was first prepared by a co-condensation reaction between vinyltriethoxysilane and 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane and further post-functionalized through a hetero Diels-Alder reaction with 3,6-di-2-pyridyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Techniques such as XRD, N2 isotherms, TEM, 13C NMR, XPS and DRIFT, among others, were employed to characterize the surface functionalized materials. These results have proven the ordered mesostructure of the materials as well as the presence of novel nitrogen-chelating heterocyclic compounds on the pore surface after the post-modification process. Additionally, the successful anchoring of a copper complex on the dipyridyl-pyridazine (dppz) ligands has been confirmed. The resulting material was evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst in the epoxidation of styrene using tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant. Under the optimized reaction conditions, Cu@dppz-vPMO showed a high styrene conversion (86.0%) and a remarkable selectivity to styrene oxide (41.9%). Indeed, this catalyst provided excellent catalytic results in terms of stability, reaction rate, conversion and selectivity compared to other bipyridine-like copper catalysts.

Pharmacologic concentrations of linezolid modify oxidative phosphorylation function and adipocyte secretome.

The oxidative phosphorylation system is important for adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, xenobiotics inhibitors of the oxidative phosphorylation system could affect adipocyte differentiation and adipokine secretion. As adipokines impact the overall health status, these xenobiotics may have wide effects on human health. Some of these xenobiotics are widely used therapeutic drugs, such as ribosomal antibiotics. Because of its similarity to the bacterial one, mitochondrial translation system is an off-target for these compounds. To study the influence of the ribosomal antibiotic linezolid on adipokine production, we analyzed its effects on adipocyte secretome. Linezolid, at therapeutic concentrations, modifies the levels of apolipoprotein E and several adipokines and proteins related with the extracellular matrix. This antibiotic also alters the global methylation status of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells and, therefore, its effects are not limited to the exposure period. Besides their consequences on other tissues, xenobiotics acting on the adipocyte oxidative phosphorylation system alter apolipoprotein E and adipokine production, secondarily contributing to their systemic effects.

Análisis del estado nutricional y composición corporal de personas con discapacidad intelectual / Analysis of the nutritional status and body composition of persons with intellectual disability

Introducción. La discapacidad intelectual, definida como limitaciones sustanciales en el funcionamiento intelectual, afecta al 0,7-1,5% de la población. Estas personas presentan mayores tasas de obesidad, y sus valores calóricos y estado nutricional son deficientes. Objetivos. Conocer los hábitos nutricionales, analizar la eficacia de la educación nutricional y evaluar la posible mejora, introduciendo talleres de ejercicio físico y nutrición, en la discapacidad intelectual. Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó una valoración clínica, nutricional y antropométrica (peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, grasa corporal, perímetro de la cintura) a 47 sujetos con discapacidad intelectual. Se registraron los hábitos deportivos, la historia clínica y la historia dietética mediante un registro alimentario y un cuestionario de adhesión a la dieta mediterránea (KidMed). Los talleres de nutrición y ejercicio físico contaron con una estructura de explicación teórica, práctica y juegos. Resultados. El 76,1% presentaba exceso ponderal en el inicio del estudio. Tras la intervención, los valores de grasa corporal (-0,94 ± 4,4%) y grasa visceral (-0,86 ± 2%), así como el peso (-0,4 ± 3,3 kg) y el índice de masa corporal (-0,2 ± 1,6 kg/m2), disminuyeron, más en las mujeres que en los hombres. El 60,5% no cumplía con una alta adhesión a la dieta mediterránea. Tras la intervención, se observó una diferencia significativa (p ≤ 0,001) en la puntuación del KidMed. El taller de actividad física tuvo efectos positivos sobre la antropometría. Conclusiones. La alimentación fue inadecuada en la mayoría de los individuos. La prevalencia de obesidad fue elevada. Los talleres de educación nutricional y de ejercicio son una herramienta útil para trabajar con este colectivo, y consiguen cambios significativos para prevenir la obesidad y mejorar su salud (AU)

Introduction. Intellectual disability refers to substantial limitations in intellectual functioning, affecting 0.7-1.5% of the population. People with intellectual disability have higher rates of obesity, since caloric values and nutritional status, are deficient. Aims. To determine the nutritional habits, analyze the effectiveness of nutritional education and evaluate the possible effect of improvement introducing exercise and nutrition workshops, in a group of people with intellectual disability. Patients and methods. Clinical, nutritional and anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index, body fat, waist circumference) assessment was conducted in 47 patients. An ad hoc survey was designed in which exercise habits, medical and dietary history, record of 72 hours (including 2 weekdays and 1 weekend) and the adherence to Mediterranean diet data were collected. The workshops of exercise and nutrition counted with a structure of theoretical-practical explanation and games. Results. 76.1% presented weight excess at baseline. After the intervention values of total body fat (-0.94 ± 4.4%) and visceral fat (-0.86 ± 2%), weight (-0.4 ± 3.3 kg) and body mass index (-0.2 ± 1.6 kg/m2) decreased, more in women than in men. 60.5% of subjects did not meet a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. After nutritional intervention, a significant difference (p ≤ 0,001) was observed in the KidMed score. The workshop of physical activity had positive effects on the anthropometry of subjects. Conclusions. Both the intake and the prevalence of obesity in this group of people are inadequate. Nutritional education and physical exercise workshops are useful for working with this group, achieving significant changes to prevent obesity and improve their health (AU)

[Nutritional and psychological habits in people who practice exercise]. / Hábitos alimentarios y psicológicos en personas que realizan ejercicio físico.

INTRODUCTION: The distorted body image has become a global problem. The thinness as a standard of beauty for women, and fitness for men, has been linked to an increase in eating behavior disorders. The physical exercise with aesthetic or addictive purposes has increased, as well as the popularity of gyms. AIM: To analyze the orthorexics behavior, to know the influence of gender on psychological behavior and to analyze eating habits in a sample practicing physical activity. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study in which an ad hoc questionnaire was performed, incorporating Adherence to Mediterranean diet test, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) and adapted the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Besides, anthropometric assessment was performed in each participant. RESULTS: 264 subjects were included in the study (156 men), 35.9 years (± 11.1 years). With mean BMI of 23.8 kg/m2 (± 3.1 kg/m2) and total body fat percentage 20.8 (± 8.7%). The average score Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was 5.9 (± 2.4). Orthorexic and obsessive behaviors were found, and between genders for some markers studied. CONCLUSION: The habits analyzed show a tendency to body worship, closer to a pathological condition rather than to a healthy aspect, causing alterations on perception, that result in dieting and alterations such as eating disorders.

Introducción: La distorsión de la imagen corporal se ha convertido en un problema mundial. La delgadez como patrón de belleza para las mujeres, y la musculación para los hombres, se han relacionado con el incremento de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). La práctica de ejercicio físico con fines estéticos o adictivos ha incrementado, así como la popularización de los gimnasios. Objetivos: Analizar los comportamientos ortoréxicos, conocer la influencia del género en los comportamientos psicológicos y analizar los hábitos de alimentación de una muestra que practica actividad física. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se realizó un cuestionario ad hoc, incorporando el test de Adherencia a Dieta Mediterránea, el Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2), el Cuestionario de Comedor Emocional (EEQ) adaptado y la versión española del Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Además se realizó una valoración antropométrica a cada participante. Resultados: 264 sujetos fueron incluidos en el estudio (156 hombres), de 35,9 años (±11,1 años). Con IMC medio de 23,8 kg/m2 (±3,1 kg/m2) y un porcentaje de grasa corporal total 20,8 (±8,7%). La puntuación media la Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, fue 5,9 (±2,4). Se encontraron comportamientos de carácter ortorexico y obsesivo, y diferencias entre géneros, para algunos marcadores estudiados. Conclusiones: Los hábitos analizados ponen de manifiesto una tendencia al culto al cuerpo, más próximo al extremo patológico que al aspecto saludable, provocando alteraciones sobre la percepción, que traen como consecuencia la realización de dietas y la aparición de alteraciones como los TCA.

Protein kinases, TNF-{alpha}, and proteasome contribute in the inhibition of fructose intestinal transport by sepsis in vivo.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin is a causative agent of sepsis. The aim of this study was to examine LPS effects on intestinal fructose absorption and to decipher mechanisms. Sepsis was induced by intravenous injection of LPS in rabbits. The ultrastructural study and DNA fragmentation patterns were identical in the intestine of LPS and sham animals. LPS treatment reduced fructose absorption altering both mucosal-to-serosal transepithelial fluxes and uptake into brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs). Cytochalasin B was ineffective on fructose uptake, indicating that GLUT5, but not GLUT2, transport activity was targeted. GLUT5 protein levels in BBMvs were lower in LPS than in sham-injected rabbits. Thus lower fructose transport resulted from lower levels of GLUT5 protein. LPS treatment decreased GLUT5 levels by proteasome-dependent degradation. Specific inhibitors of PKC, PKA, and MAP kinases (p38MAPK, JNK, MEK1/2) protected fructose uptake from adverse LPS effect. Moreover, a TNF-alpha antagonist blocked LPS action on fructose uptake. We conclude that intestinal fructose transport inhibition by LPS is associated with diminished GLUT5 numbers in the brush border membrane of enterocytes triggered by activation of several interrelated signaling cascades and proteasome degradation.